AGP Executive Report

EU–Tunisia Migration Deal: Three years after the EU-Tunisia MoU signed on 16 July 2023, critics say it has normalized rights abuses, including violent sea interceptions and collective expulsions—calling for the EU to suspend border support. Libya Energy Transition: Sirte Steam Power Plant is moving closer to switching from liquid fuels to natural gas after trials of a gas metering station, with pipeline and pressure-reduction steps next. Marine Biodiversity: Environmental teams are monitoring sea turtle nesting on Al Jabal Al Akhdar beaches, urging drivers to avoid beach driving that can erase nests and tracks. Desert Locust Alert: Northwest Africa is bracing for a locust upsurge, with Morocco the main hotspot and Algeria, Mauritania and Sahel countries preparing for possible summer migrations. Libya Conservation Science: Libya’s Environment Ministry used environmental DNA (eDNA) for its first biodiversity field study at Ain Kaam Reserve in Al-Khums, aiming to build a scientific database for better protection decisions. Climate Pressure: Forecasters warn a super El Niño is arriving, with record ocean heat and marine heatwaves raising the risk of extreme weather. Libya Business Climate: Libya’s economy ministry approved 104 decisions for foreign firms to open or expand operations in the first half of the year, with construction and oil leading.

Biodiversity Monitoring: Libya’s Environment Ministry carried out its first environmental DNA field mission at Ain Kaam Reserve in Al-Khums, collecting samples with WWF North Africa and academic experts to map species and build a scientific database for better protection decisions. Climate Extremes: A “super El Niño” is arriving, with ocean heat already breaking records and marine heatwaves spreading—raising the risk of harsher weather across regions that depend on stable rainfall. Cultural Heritage Under Threat: Archaeologists and locals in eastern Libya are fighting to save the UNESCO-listed ruins of Cyrene and Apollonia from neglect, looting, and damage linked to climate change, including the aftermath of Storm Daniel in 2023. Displacement & Rights: Libya’s displaced affairs minister met UN officials to strengthen human rights and displacement cooperation, including plans for unified databases and a national data centre to support safer returns. Media Capacity: The EU, Libya’s Government Communication Centre and RNTC launched a two-year Libya Media Development Programme focused on journalist training, digital transformation, and tackling disinformation and safety risks. Energy & Industry: Libya is set to be part of regional momentum on refining and gas markets as African NOCs plan value-retention and infrastructure priorities at an October forum in Cape Town.

Biodiversity Monitoring: Libya’s Environment Ministry carried out its first environmental DNA (eDNA) field mission at Ain Kaam Reserve in Al-Khums, collecting DNA samples with WWF North Africa and academic experts to map species and build a scientific database for better conservation decisions. Climate Extremes: A new “super El Niño” is already driving record ocean heat, with marine heatwaves spreading across large parts of the Mediterranean and other seas—raising the risk of harsher weather and flooding. Cultural Heritage Under Pressure: Archaeologists and locals in eastern Libya are racing to protect the UNESCO-listed ruins of Cyrene and Apollonia from looting and damage linked to climate change, including the devastating flooding from Storm Daniel in 2023. Education & Cooperation: Libya’s Education Minister met Italy’s counterpart in Paris to strengthen education cooperation and exchange expertise, aiming to improve learning systems and future-ready skills. AI Governance: Libya’s digital economy and AI minister joined global AI governance talks in Geneva, signaling a push for international cooperation and digital transformation aligned with sustainable development goals.

Biodiversity Monitoring: Libya’s Environment Ministry carried out its first environmental DNA (eDNA) field mission at Ain Kaam Reserve in Al-Khums, collecting DNA samples with WWF North Africa and academic experts to identify species and build a scientific database for better ecosystem decisions. Climate Pressure: A “super El Niño” is arriving, with ocean heat already breaking records and marine heatwaves spreading—raising the risk of extreme weather across land and seas, including heavier, more dangerous downpours. Coastal Safety: Libya recorded 28 drowning deaths and more than 50 sea rescues in two months, highlighting ongoing risks for people crossing by sea. Heritage Under Threat: Archaeologists and locals in eastern Libya are working to protect the UNESCO-listed ruins of Cyrene and Apollonia from neglect, looting, and climate-driven flooding after Storm Daniel in 2023. Energy & Environment Link: Libya remains the world’s cheapest place to buy petrol at about $0.024 per litre, driven by heavy subsidies—an affordability story with major environmental implications. Policy & Research: Libya also joined global talks on AI governance in Geneva and discussed education cooperation with Italy, while NOC moves to adopt key climate plans.

Biodiversity Monitoring in Libya: Libya’s Environment Ministry carried out its first environmental DNA (eDNA) field mission at Ain Kaam Reserve in Al-Khums, collecting DNA samples with WWF North Africa and academic experts to map species and build a scientific database for better conservation decisions. Climate Pressure and Heritage at Risk: In eastern Libya, archaeologists and locals are racing to protect the UNESCO-listed ruins of Cyrene and its port Apollonia from neglect, looting, and climate change impacts, including major damage after Storm Daniel in 2023. Energy and Weather Alarm: A “super El Niño” is arriving as ocean temperatures hit record highs, with marine heatwaves expanding across the Mediterranean and beyond—raising fears of more extreme weather. Libya–Japan Cooperation: A Libyan delegation wrapped up participation in the Libyan–Japanese Economic Forum in Tokyo, pitching investment opportunities and discussing cooperation in energy and infrastructure. Governance Roadmap: Libya’s Joint Committee on Sovereign Positions met in Tripoli to coordinate appointments tied to the roadmap to end the transitional phase, including leadership for the High National Elections Commission. Regional Trade Access: A UN-backed study says only 14 of 22 Arab states are WTO members, warning others could miss out on integration benefits and export opportunities.

Libya–Italy Cooperation: Libya’s Education Minister Mohamed Al-Gharriou met Italy’s counterpart in Paris to discuss education reform, shared expertise, and more flexible learning aligned with international standards. Libya–AI Governance: Libya’s Digital Economy and AI minister Ziad Al-Hajjaji joined global AI governance talks in Geneva, pushing for international coordination and capacity-building tied to sustainable development. Libya–Oil & Climate: Libya’s Oil and Gas Minister Khalifa Abdulsadek held talks with Japan on expanding cooperation in oil, energy, infrastructure, and investment, while Libya’s NOC reaffirmed commitments to cut gas flaring and emissions and to adopt key climate plans. Libya–Migration & Safety: A separate report notes Libya-linked irregular migration routes are down sharply, and Libya also recorded 28 drowning deaths with over 50 sea rescues in two months. Pollution Watch: Libya faces ongoing environmental health concerns as carcinogenic pesticides were found in markets, with inspections flagging serious violations.

Libya–Italy Education: Libya’s Education Minister Mohamed Al-Gharriou met Italy’s counterpart in Paris to discuss education reform, expert exchanges, and technical cooperation aimed at improving learning quality and aligning curricula with international standards. AI Governance: Libya’s Digital Economy and AI minister Ziad Al-Hajjaji joined UN-led AI governance talks in Geneva, pushing for global coordination and capacity-building tied to sustainable development goals. Oil & Energy (Diesel Shortage): Tripoli is facing a diesel/naphtha shortage, with complaints from industry and transport and calls for tighter oversight to curb smuggling and abuses; Brega Oil Marketing Company says supply must follow approved contracts and legal procedures. Climate & Emissions: Libya’s NOC chairman reaffirmed the country’s commitment to cutting gas flaring and emissions, while NOC also moved to adopt key climate plans. Governance Roadmap: A Tripoli meeting of Libya’s sovereign positions committee reviewed mechanisms for appointing HNEC leadership and board members, as the roadmap toward elections continues. Libya–Japan Energy Talks: Libya’s oil minister held economic discussions with Japan on expanding oil and gas cooperation, investment, and technology transfer.

Libya–Climate Policy: The National Oil Corporation helped adopt Libya’s Paris-aligned climate documents in Tripoli, including the NDC, National Adaptation Plan and Initial National Communication, with technical input on oil-and-gas emissions inventories and sector targets. Libya–Energy & Environment: Libya’s diesel shortage is worsening across production, industry and transport, with calls for tighter oversight of distribution and action against smuggling and abuses after detentions tied to fuel distribution corruption investigations. Libya–Renewables: Libya is pushing a 100 MW renewable energy project, signaling a shift toward cleaner power as energy pressures continue. Libya–Pollution Controls: Libya restricts agricultural pesticide imports to products from Europe, the US and Canada after inspections found carcinogenic pesticides in markets and serious violations. Libya–AI Governance: Libya’s digital economy and AI minister joined global AI governance talks in Geneva, aiming to shape rules for responsible AI alongside sustainable development goals. Libya–International Cooperation: Libya and Italy discussed education cooperation in Paris, while the Misrata Free Zone signed new MoUs with Italian business groups to boost investment and logistics links.

AI Governance: Libya’s Digital Economy and AI minister Ziad Al-Hajjaji joined UN-led talks in Geneva on AI governance, pushing for global coordination and capacity-building to support digital transformation aligned with sustainable development goals. Energy & Industry: Libya’s Oil and Gas Minister Khalifa Abdulsadek met Japan’s economic and fiscal policy minister to expand cooperation in oil, gas, energy, infrastructure and investment, with a focus on bringing Japanese firms back to Libya. Climate Action: Libya’s National Oil Corporation adopted key climate policy documents in Tripoli—NDC, NAP and Initial National Communication—using oil-and-gas emissions data to strengthen Paris Agreement commitments. Fuel Shortage Watch: As diesel (naphtha) shortages strain Libya’s production, industry and transport sectors, authorities face renewed calls for tighter oversight and action against smuggling and distribution abuses. Oil Deal: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority signed an exploration and production-sharing agreement for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar-based UCC Holding, targeting higher output and using associated gas for electricity. Politics & Elections: A Tripoli meeting advanced plans for appointing Libya’s sovereign positions, including leadership for the High National Elections Commission, as the roadmap toward elections continues. Regional Diplomacy: US senior adviser Massad Boulos met Libya’s Presidential Council leadership in Malta, underscoring ongoing efforts to end division and set conditions for elections.

Libya’s climate push: The National Oil Corporation (NOC) helped adopt Libya’s key Paris Agreement climate documents in Tripoli—Nationally Determined Contributions, a National Adaptation Plan, and an Initial National Communication—by supplying technical data and emissions inventories for the oil and gas sector. Fuel squeeze in Tripoli: Libya’s diesel shortage is hitting production, industry, and transport, with calls for tighter oversight of distribution and tougher action against smuggling and abuses after the Attorney General ordered detentions tied to corruption and mismanagement at Brega Oil Marketing Company and others. Oil-sector deal: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority signed an exploration and production-sharing agreement for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar-based UCC Holding, targeting about 80,000 barrels per day and using associated gas for electricity. Misrata Free Zone goes international: Misrata Free Zone signed two MoUs in Rome with Italian industrial partners and the Libyan-Italian Chamber of Commerce to expand cooperation in investment, trade, logistics, ports, and industry. Regional context for Libya: A Tripoli meeting of Libya’s sovereign-positions committee focused on mechanisms to appoint leaders for the High National Elections Commission and strengthen consensus between Libya’s main political bodies.

Libya’s Climate Push: The National Oil Corporation (NOC) helped adopt Libya’s Nationally Determined Contributions, National Adaptation Plan, and Initial National Communication in Tripoli, feeding in oil-and-gas emissions data to strengthen Paris-aligned cuts and adaptation planning. Diesel Crisis Watch: Libya’s months-long diesel shortage is sparking fresh calls for tighter oversight of distribution, after the Attorney General ordered detentions tied to corruption and abuses in fuel supply networks; Brega Oil Marketing Company says it has a legal, contract-based mechanism for supplying private entities. Oil Sector Moves: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority signed an exploration and production-sharing deal for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar’s UCC Holding, targeting about 80,000 barrels per day and using associated gas for electricity. Migration Pressure in the Region: Greece reports sea arrivals down 27% and returns up 20% in early 2026, while Libya remains a key transit corridor and enforcement patterns stay uneven. Libya Politics, Security Debate: US-linked mediation and calls for unified Libyan security forces continue to shape the political track, with critics warning that deals built outside Libya may widen divisions rather than resolve them.

Libya’s climate push: Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) helped adopt key Paris Agreement documents in Tripoli—Nationally Determined Contributions, a National Adaptation Plan, and an Initial National Communication—by supplying technical data and emissions inventories for the oil and gas sector. Energy & emissions: NOC also reiterated its commitment to cutting gas flaring and emissions, as Libya tries to turn climate plans into practical programmes. Diesel squeeze: In Tripoli, a months-long diesel (naphtha) shortage is hitting production, industry, and transport, with calls for tighter oversight, stronger anti-smuggling enforcement, and clearer distribution rules after detention of officials tied to fuel marketing and distribution. Oil investment: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority signed an exploration and production-sharing deal for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar-based UCC Holding, targeting higher crude output and using associated gas for electricity generation. Security politics: US senior adviser Massad Boulos met Libyan leaders in Malta, arguing unified and capable Libyan security forces are essential for stability—while critics say diplomacy away from Libyan soil risks widening the divide.

Libya’s Climate Push: Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) helped adopt three Paris-aligned climate documents in Tripoli—Nationally Determined Contributions, a National Adaptation Plan, and an Initial National Communication—by supplying oil-and-gas emissions data and inventories, aiming to cut greenhouse gases and plan for climate impacts. Diesel Crisis & Fuel Governance: As Tripoli faces months of diesel shortages, Al-Brega says it has a regulated mechanism for supplying private entities, while the Attorney General has detained officials over alleged corruption and abuses in fuel distribution—raising pressure for tighter oversight and anti-smuggling enforcement. Oil Sector Deals: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority signed an exploration and production-sharing agreement for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar-based UCC Holding, targeting higher crude output and using associated gas for electricity generation. Security & State Unification: US adviser Massad Boulos reiterated that unified, capable Libyan security forces are key to stability and development, as Libya’s political process continues to seek a comprehensive settlement. Migration Safety in the Region: A new UN-linked report says deaths and disappearances on routes to Europe rose sharply in 2026, with the central Mediterranean route—often used by people traveling from Libya—remaining the deadliest. Pollution Watch: Greece’s beaches are still heavily hit by plastic waste and microplastics, according to a WWF Greece monitoring report—another reminder of how marine pollution spreads across the Mediterranean.

Climate Policy in Libya: Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) helped adopt three Paris-aligned climate documents in Tripoli—Nationally Determined Contributions, a National Adaptation Plan, and an Initial National Communication—by supplying oil-and-gas emissions data and inventories. Oil & Gas Deal: NOC and the Libyan Investment Authority (LIA) signed an exploration and production-sharing agreement for Area 47 in the Ghadames Basin with Qatar-based UCC Holding, targeting about 80,000 barrels per day and using associated gas for electricity. Renewables Push: Libya is also moving on a 100 MW renewable energy project, signaling continued expansion beyond fossil dependence. Public Safety at Sea: Libya recorded 28 drowning deaths and over 50 sea rescues between early May and July 5, as rough conditions prompted renewed beach warnings and calls to avoid swimming. Urban Environment & Health: The Global Liveability Index 2026 placed Tripoli among the world’s lowest-ranked cities (172nd), reflecting how conflict and underinvestment hit daily life, including environment and services. Migration Pressure: UN-linked reporting says Mediterranean routes toward Europe are becoming deadlier, with the central Mediterranean route still the worst for fatalities.

Libya Climate Policy: Libya has launched its Strategic Climate Framework under the Paris Agreement, including a 2026–2035 Nationally Determined Contribution, a National Adaptation Plan to 2045, and its first Initial National Communication—aiming to scale renewables, improve energy efficiency, and protect water and land. Coastal Safety: Libya recorded 28 drowning deaths and carried out more than 50 sea rescues between early May and July 5, as authorities issued renewed warnings to avoid swimming amid rough, hazardous conditions. Urban Liveability Pressure: Tripoli is ranked among the world’s least liveable cities in the 2026 Global Liveability Index, reflecting ongoing conflict, instability, and underinvestment in public services. Governance & Finance: Libya’s Central Bank governor met US officials to discuss economic stability, support for a unified budget, and the need for stable oil production—while reaffirming the independence of sovereign institutions. Cyber Resilience: A Tripoli workshop focused on cyber insurance and digital risk protection, bringing regulators and insurers together to strengthen preparedness for threats to banking and other key sectors. Food & Health Risks: Libya’s markets have reportedly found carcinogenic pesticides, after inspections flagged serious violations in agricultural produce. Migration Humanitarian Crisis: UN-linked figures show migrant deaths and disappearances on routes to Europe have risen sharply in 2026, with the central Mediterranean route—often used from Libya—remaining the deadliest.

Climate Policy in Libya: Libya has launched its Strategic Climate Framework under the Paris Agreement, formally endorsed by the Government of National Unity, including a 2026–2035 Nationally Determined Contribution, a National Adaptation Plan to 2045, and an Initial National Communication—aiming to expand renewables, improve energy efficiency, and strengthen water and land management. Marine Safety & Public Health: Libya recorded 28 drowning deaths and more than 50 sea rescues between early May and July 5, as rough conditions and risky swimming areas prompted renewed warnings to stay out of the water. Pollution & Food Safety: Authorities seized carcinogenic and other banned pesticides after market inspections found serious violations, with campaigns targeting storage sites and those behind banned pesticide distribution networks. Energy & Emissions: Libya’s National Oil Corporation reaffirmed plans to cut gas flaring and methane emissions, citing large reductions already achieved and participation in international methane efforts. Governance & Resilience: The Central Bank of Libya briefed lawmakers on steps taken after a cyberattack, saying systems were contained and operating normally. Liveability Pressure: Tripoli landed in the bottom 10 of the Global Liveability Index 2026, reflecting how conflict and underinvestment in services are weighing on everyday life.